Ingemar J. Cox holds a B.Sc. from University College London and a Ph.D. from Oxford University. He worked at AT&T Bell Labs from 1984 until 1989 and in 1989 joined NEC Research Institute as a senior research scientist. From 1997 to 1999, he served as CTO of Signafy, an NEC subsidiary responsible for commercialization of watermarking, In 1999, he returned to the NEC Research Institute as a Research Fellow.